March 16, 2023

Render unto Caesar: Shares and the SARS slice

Whether you are a share trader or a long-term investor, when you make a profit, SARS will want its slice of the pie Ever since biblical times, there has been a tug-of-war between governments trying to extract as much as possible from their citizens in the form of taxes, and individuals trying to keep as much of their income and wealth away from those very same governments. In South Africa, owners of shares have not historically needed to worry too much about the tax man—especially if they considered themselves to be long-term investors.  This is because any profits made when […]
December 15, 2022

The effect of past transactions on the sale of a business

The sale of a business is often a complex venture and requires consideration of various facts in examining the financial reality behind the sale. From the outset, it is important to consider historical transactions and how they may have a detrimental impact on the current sale being considered. For purposes of this article, several factors are highlighted to consider in pursuance of the sale of a business. These factors, amongst others, include: Clawback provisions of the corporate restructuring rules: These rules, as contained in sections 41 to 47 of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (“the Act”), potentially […]
October 24, 2022

Lenders of money are not all ‘money lenders’

Taxpayers’ actions need to back up what they claim to be In many groups of companies, intra-group loans make sense as a way of funding the operations of the group. If the funds are sourced from outside the group by a borrower entity and then on-lent to other companies within the same group as the borrower, the question is whether the interest incurred by the borrower entity is deductible in terms of section 24J(2) of the Income Tax Act No 58 of 1962 (the Tax Act)? This question was once again considered in Taxpayer H v Commissioner of the South African […]
September 9, 2022

Ceasing tax residency: Changes on the horizon for interest and capital gains

Section 9H of the Income Tax Act provides that a natural person’s year of assessment is deemed to have ended on the date immediately before the day on which that person ceased to be a resident for South African tax purposes. Furthermore, that person’s subsequent tax year is deemed to commence on the day that person ceased to be a tax resident for South African tax purposes. This effectively creates two years of assessment during a single 12-month tax period which would ordinarily constitute a single year of assessment beginning on 1 March and ending at the end of February […]
September 9, 2022

Taxation of variable remuneration: Changes are coming

The Draft Taxation Laws Amendment Bill was published on 29 July 2022. The bill’s publication marks the start of the tax legislative amendment season. The proposed legislative amendments are currently open for public comment and participation. Executives and payroll administrators should take note of a proposed change to the way in which variable remuneration will be taxed, particularly from a timing perspective. Currently, section 7B of the Income Tax Act provides for the matching of the timing between accrual and payment of various forms of variable remuneration. As a result, any amount of variable remuneration paid by an employer to an […]
August 4, 2022

Don’t lose that assessed loss!

Assessed losses can be carried forward—provided that the company doesn’t cease trading If the amount of allowable deductions exceeds the taxable income in your business, you will end up with what is known as an ‘assessed loss’ for tax purposes.  In terms of Section 20 of the Income Tax Act, you are entitled to carry forward this assessed loss and set it off against taxable income in future years. This loss can be carried forward indefinitely, provided that you carry on a trade during the year.  If there is no trade at all during a tax year, and there is […]
August 4, 2022

Section 24C Allowance: Future expenditure

The nature of a taxpayer’s business may be such that the taxpayer receives amounts under a contract that will be used to finance expenditure to be incurred in future in performing under that contract. Generally, this would result in an inclusion of the amount in that taxpayer’s income in that year of assessment. In contrast, a deduction for the expenditure incurred will only be available in a future tax year. An adverse tax liability would, therefore, arise in the year of receipt of the amount. Section 24C of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (“the Act”) serves as […]
June 8, 2022

Wear-and-tear allowance

Capital expenditure incurred in the production of income and in carrying on of a trade does not qualify for a deduction under the so-called general deduction formula in section 11(a) of the Income Tax Act No 58 of 1962 (the Act). The Act does, however, grant deductions or allowances for specific types of capital expenditure that a taxpayer incurs in carrying on its trade. These deductions or allowances are generally spread over several years, whereas section 11(a) provides for a full deduction in a single year. The most-commonly-used section of the Act that allows for capital allowances is section 11(e). […]
May 12, 2022

Employee share incentive schemes

Employer companies generally implement employee share incentive schemes to retain and incentivise their employees by enabling the latter to receive indirect benefits from the appreciation in the growth of the company. This is an effective way to offer benefits to employees and encourage their participation and loyalty of employees. Even though these schemes are generally equity-settled, an employer can also elect to implement a cash-settled scheme or even a hybrid scheme wherein the directors are afforded the discretion to award either shares or cash. It is important to determine what benefits should be received when considering these schemes. In terms […]
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